General: Nevada Jointfir (Ephedra nevadensis) is a mid-sized, upright shrub with many dull, gray-green, apparently leafless stems. Individual twigs come off the stems at widely diverging angles. The actual leaves are reduced to scales, and photosynthesis takes place in the stems. Members of this plant family are cone-bearing plants more closely related to pine trees than to flowering plants. The small cones (about 1/3-inch long) can be seen in the spring when the shrub is flowering.

Around Las Vegas, two species of Ephedra are common (there are eight species in Nevada). Nevada Jointfir can be recognized by leaves on sets of two and the dull, gray-green twigs that come off the stems at widely diverging angles (look for two-ranked stem joints and cones). Mormon Tea (Ephedra viridis) can be recognized by the two-ranked leaves and bright green twigs that all point upward. In addition, Nevada Jointfir generally occurs at a lower elevation than Mormon Tea. California jointfir (Ephedra californica) and Death Valley Jointfir (Ephedra funerea), both three-ranked species, are common in some lower-elevation areas.

Nevada Jointfir is a common component of vegetation communities in the Upper Sonoran (Mojave Desert Scrub and Pinyon-Juniper Woodland) life zones and can be found on dry, rocky bajadas, canyons, and the lower slopes of mountains.

Family: Jointfir (Ephedraceae).

Other Names: mormon tea, nevada ephedra, ephedra

Plant Form: Erect shrub, apparently without leaves, stems gray-green.

Height: Usually to about 3 ft high and 4-5 ft wide.

Bark: Gray, fissured.

Stems: Stems and twigs jointed, joints 2-3 inches apart. Twigs alternate (2-ranked), rigid, angling away from the stem. Twigs gray-green, aging to yellowish.

Leaves: Tiny scales at the stem joints in sets of two (on opposite sides of the stem.

Flowers: Blooms in the spring. Plants are male or females. Male plants have pollen cones that grow from nodes; pollen cones elliptical to 8-mm long. Female plants have seed cones that grow from notes; seed cones nearly spherical to 11-mm diameter, set on short stalks.

Seeds: 3 by 7 mm, brown, smooth.

Habitat: Dry, well-drained sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils on upper bajadas and moderate slopes in the lower mountains; rocky areas.

Elevation: 2,500 to 6,000 feet.

Distribution: Southwestern deserts (Nevada, Arizona, California, and Utah) in the Mojave and Colorado deserts.

Comments: Tea can be made by steeping the twigs in boiling water. The stems of most members of this genus contain the alkaloid ephedrine and are valuable in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory diseases.