Family: Cactus (Cactaceae).

Other Names: Each species seems to have several common names.

Plant Form: Spreading or upright. Pads flat, round to oval, succulent. Pads emerge from the ground or from other pads to form short, upright stems.

Height: To 2-3 feet.

Trunk: None, per se, but the fleshy pads form upright stems.

Leaves: None (reduced to spines).

Flowers: Large, yellow or red flowers; blooms in late spring.

Seeds: Grow from seeds and from broken pads that fall on the ground.

Habitat: Rocky bajadas to desert peaks, depending on the species.

Distribution: Various species are distributed throughout the southwestern deserts.

Elevation: 1,000 to 8,000 ft.

Comments: Desert Woodrats (Neotoma lepida) eat the pads, often working around the spines. Cattle will eat the pads if the spines are burned off. Many species of wildlife and native peoples eat the sweet, pear-shaped purple fruit and black seeds.

Beavertail Cactus (Opuntia basilaris). Large pads (5-7 in long) without obvious spines. Although Beavertail Cactus look like they have no spines, picking up a loose pad will quickly convince you of your mistake. They have tiny, hair-like spines at are quite irritating and difficult to remove.

Charleston Mountain Pricklypear (Opuntia charlestonensis). This rare species only occurs in forests at higher elevations in the Spring Mountains. This specimen was found at 7,650 feet on a south-facing slope in the Canadian (Pine-Fir Forest) life zone.

Grizzlybear Cactus (Opuntia polyacantha var. erinacea). Small pads (3-4 inches) with very long (to 6 in), flexible, flowing spines that look like long gray hairs.

Hairspine Pricklypear (Opuntia polyacantha var. polyacantha). Large pads (5-7 in long) with 1 to 2-inch-long brownish spines set in groups of three with a ring of tiny hair-like spines around the base of the cluster of three spines. The main spines are round at the base. Low-growing, tend to form mats to 12-ft across.

Tulip Pricklypear (Opuntia phaeacantha). A low-growing, spreading cactus with flat stem segments (pads). The pads are relatively long and broad, and the spines are usually confined to the upper 70% of the pads. Areoles (where the spines originate) usually spread about 3/4-inch apart, and areoles without spines can be seen at the base of each pad. Spines typically long near the top of the pad and shorter lower down; longer spines gray with reddish base, flattened; shorter spines all gray. Glochids absent on the side of the pads. Flowers yellow, usually with red at the base of the petals. Fruit is a fleshy "cactus apple" with a green interior.